Understanding Grammar :)

CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

Definisi: Kalimat yang menjadi syarat terjadinya pristiwa.

E.g: Jika kamu pandai , dia akan menyukai mu.

             (Syarat)              ( Pristiwa)

Pola umum Conditional Sentence:            

IF  S+V,  S+V.            atau          S+V,  IF S+V

In General, there are three kinds of conditional sentences:

A.   Conditional sentence type I (Planning)

1)  Real condition in present / future.

2) Kemungkinan besar terjadi.

3) Time: Present / Future.

4) Tidak bertentangan dengan fakta.

Pattern:  IF  S.Pr, S. F   Or  S. F,  IF  S.Pr       

E.g: I will treat you, if I get scholarship

If I have much money, I will go abroad

B.    Conditional sentence type  II (Fantasy)

1)  Untrue condition in present / future

·  Present: tidak mungkin terjadi

·  Future: Kemungkinan kecil terjadi

2) Time : Present / future

3) Bertentangan dengan fakta yang ada sekarang atau yang akan datang.

Pattern:   IF S.ps,   S.ps F     or    S.ps F , IF S.ps,  

Fact:  Because S.Pr,  S. F / S.Pr.     or S.Pr,  so  S. F / S.Pr.  

 

E.g: I would around the world, if i were a bird

      Fact: because i am not a bird, i do not around the world

If i were you, i would accept their invitation

Fact: Because I am not you, I do not accept their invitation

Note: Jika sub clause pada conditional type II berupa kalimat nominal (non verbal sentence), maka apapun Subjectnya selalu menggunakan “Were”.

C.    Conditional sentence type III (Regret)

1)  Untrue (contrary to fact) in the past.

2) tidak mungkin terjadi.

3) time: past tense.

4) Bertentangan dengan fakta masa lampau.

Pattern:  If .Ps.pf,  .Ps.f .Pf       or      Ps.f .Pf,   f .Ps.pf   

Fact: Because S.ps, S.ps            or      S.ps, so S.ps

E.g: I you had studied yesterday, you would not have been confused

Fact: because I did not study yesterday, I were confused

If she had been at home yesterday, I would have visited her

Fact: because she was not at home yesterday, I did not visit her

USING “MIXED TIME” IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

Definisi: Pencampuran waktu yang menimbulkan sebab akibat.

Syarat: Hanya terjadi pada conditional sentences yang mempunyai fakta saja, yaitu conditional type II and Type III.

Type	Conditional Sentences		Fact
	SC	MC	SC	MC
I	S. Pr	S. F	O	O
II	S.ps	S.ps F	S. Pr	S. Pr/f
III	Ps.pf	Ps. f .Pf	S.ps	S.ps
Mt I	Ps.pf	S.ps F	S.ps	S. Pr/f
Mt II	Ps.pf	Ps. f .Pf	S. Pr	S.ps

Explanation:

ü  S. Pr: Simple present

ü  S. F: Simple Future

ü  S.ps: Simple past

ü  S.ps F: Simple past future

ü  Ps.pf: Past perfect

ü  Ps. f .Pf: Past future perfect

A.   Mixed time type I

Definisi: Pencampuran waktu antara Sub clause Conditional sentence type III dengan main clause type II, serta menimbulkan sebab kemarin dan akibat sekarang.

Pattern:       If Ps.pf, S.ps F      atau   S.ps F          , If Ps.pf

Fact:           Because S.ps, S. Pr/f   atau   S.ps, so S. Pr/f

          E.g: If you had studied hard last night, you would pass the exam today.

          Fact: You did not study hard last night, you do not pass the exam today.

B.    Mixed time type II

Definisi: Pencampuran waktu antara Sub clause conditional sentence type II dengan main clause type III, serta menimbulkan sebab sekarang dan akibat kemarin.

Pattern:       If Ps.pf, Ps. f .Pf    atau     Ps. f .Pf, If Ps.pf

Fact:           Because S. Pr, S.ps    atau  S. Pr, so S.ps      

E.g: If I had the exam today, I would have studied hard yesterday.

Fact: because I do not have the exam today, I did not study yesterday.

OMITTING DALAM CONDITIONAL SENTENCE

(Penghilangan conjunction “If”)

Definisi: penghilangan Conjunction “If” tanpa merubah makna dari conditional sentence.

Syarat:

1)    Type I: Pada sub clause conditional sentence type I  harus ada modal “Should”.

2)   Type II: Pada sub clause conditional sentence type II  harus kalimat nominal.

3)   Type III: tidak ada syarat.

E.g: If I were president, I would treat you. (Type II)

ü Were I president, I would treat you.

She will help you, if you should need her. (Type I)

ü She will help you, should you need her.

If you come, he will be happy. (Type I)

ü Omitting = O